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ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

  1.  A political science subject. Structure of a political science
  2.  ABSTRACT WRITING
  3.  Accentual Structure of English Words
  4.  Computer structure
  5.  Exercise 4. Translate into English. Use the active vocabulary and grammar structures.
  6.  Exercise 76. Use the proper article paying attention to abstract nouns.

The subject studied and the method used

The mechanism of ... is / has been investigated using the method / technique of ...

The structure of ... is studied by (the method of) ...

The process of ... is examined making use of the technique of ...

The function of ... is / has been analyzed by ...

The results obtained

The relation between ... has been established.

The parameters of ... have been calculated.

Some information concerning ... has been obtained.

The properties of ... have been evaluated.

The conclusion has been made that ...

An assumption was that ...

The results suggest / indicate that ...

(Based on American English for Everyday Use, 1996).

SAMPLE PHRASES
(Based on authentic abstracts)

The aim of this paper is to present preliminary results of ...

The talk discusses / presents ...

We consider a problem of ...

We introduce / present a new ... method for ... / approach to ...

We also examine the ways in which the Internet has been integrated into contemporary text-books ...

We consider / discuss / show / study ...

In the present talk, we consider the case of ...

The problem under consideration is important for ...

In this talk, we focus on ...

In this work, we explore ...

In the present work, we consider ...

The topic of ... has been investigated extensively in the past decades ...

The method performs well and is not sensible to ...

Relevant methods for comparison include ...

Recently, methods have been proposed to avoid ...

We compare our approach with these methods ...

A traditional approach has been ...

The talk discusses / presents ...

We consider a problem of ...

We illustrate the performance of this technique with ... experiments ...

I / we present results / a new implementation of ... method ...

We ... compare the solution method to that of ...

I / we further describe applications to problems arising in ...

To obtain the ... version of the algorithm, we develop a general theory of ...

This theory enables us to construct ...

It is worth to note that the method described above can also be applied ...

We discuss a complete solution to this problem of ...

Several ... results will be given during the presentation of this paper.

The accuracy of the present ... scheme is demonstrated by means of validation results ...

Finally, we also construct ...

Finally, we verify our algorithm with a computer program in C ++ and JAVA ...

A major drawback of the approach is ...

These results are available online.

This project is sponsored by ...

The research was supported by RFBR * grant ...

 * RFBR abbrev Russian Foundation for Basic Research ÐÔÔÄ ñêîð. â³ä Ðîñ³éñüêèé ôîíä ôóíäàìåíòàëüíèõ äîñë³äæåíü

[Abstracts, 13th ILAS Conference Amsterdam, 2006, pp. 53, 55, 61, 66-67, 69, 72-73,77-78, 81, 83, 93-95, 99.]

 EXERCISES |  DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITIONS


 Introduction |  GLOSSARY |  VOCABULARY NOTES |  PARALLEL COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES (PaCT-2001) |  EXERCISES |  Letter 1 |  Accepting and Declining Invitation to Scientific Conference |  EXERCISES |  DESRIPTION AND DEFINITIONS |  Semigroups of Linear Fractional Transformations on the Operator Ball |

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