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Introduction

  1. Introduction
  2. Introduction
  3. Introduction
  4. Introduction
  5. Introduction
  6. Introduction

Industrial pulping involves the large-scale liberation of fibers from lignocellulosic

plant material, by either mechanical or chemical processes. Chemical pulping

relies mainly on chemical reactants and heat energy to soften and dissolve lignin

in the plant material, partially followed by mechanical refining to separate fibers.

Mechanical pulping involves the pretreatment of wood with steam (and sometimes

also with aqueous sulfite solution) prior to the separation into fibrous material

by abrasive refining or grinding. Depending on its end-use, the material recovered

from such processes - the unbleached pulp - may be further treated by

screening, washing, bleaching and purification (removal of low molecular-weight

hemicelluloses) operations.

For any given type of production, the properties of the unbleached pulp are determined

by the structural and chemical composition of the raw material. The

variation in fiber dimension and chemical composition of some selected fibers is

detailed in Tab. 1.1.

By far, the predominant use of the fiber material is the manufacture of paper,

where it is re-assembled as a structured network from an aqueous solution. Fiber

morphology such as fiber length and fiber geometry have a decisive influence on

the papermaking process. A high fiber wall thickness to fiber diameter ratio

means that the fibers will be strong, but that they may not be able to bond as effectively

with each other in the sheet-forming process. Another property which is

important to fiber strength is the spiral angle of the longitudinal cellulose micelle

chains which constitute the bulk of the fiber walls. Moreover, certain chemical

properties of the fibers and the matrix material in which they are embedded must

also be taken into account.

Handbook of Pulp. Edited by Herbert Sixta

Copyright © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim

ISBN: 3-527-30999-3

1 Introduction

Tab. 1.1Fiber dimensions and chemical composition of some selected

agricultural and wood fibers (adopted from [1-6]).



List of Abbreviations | The History of Papermaking

Introduction | Country Year | Volume 1 | Volume 2 | Preface | List of Contributors | Technology, End-uses, and the Market Situation | Total 3.65 | Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers | North America |

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