Головна

The Main Trends in the Phoneme Theory. Different points of View.

  1. Being different
  2. Clauses joine3d by different conjunctions is free or fixed.
  3. DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF PHONEME. THE DEFINITION OF PHONEME
  4. Different Types of Love
  5. Intonation. Its Notation, Different approaches.
  6. Intonation. The problem of its definition. Different approaches
  7. Methods of the identification of phonemes in a language

It is known that the phoneme is one of the basic language units. However, it is described by different scholars and representatives of different linguistic schools in different ways.

The idea of distinguishing between the functional approach of the study of speech sounds and their material substance was first expressed by the Russian linguist Baudauin de Courtenay at the end of the 19th century. But it was only at the end of the 20s and 30s of the 20th century that a number of phonological conceptions appeared in different countries. We should mention the great Russian scholar Трубецкой who left Russia after the revolution. The theory of those two linguists formed the basis of functional linguistics and classical phonology. Similar theories appeared at the same time in the USA.

I. According to mentalistic and psychological view, the phoneme is an ideal mental image, it doesn't exist objectively, it exists only in the mind of the speaker. Actual speech sounds are imperfect realization of it. These ideals were expressed by Baudauin de Courtenay and by Sommerfelt.

II. functional view - special focus is given to the ability of the phoneme to differentiate the meaning.

Scholars are particularly interested in relevant or distinctive features of the phoneme, while non-distinctive features are often ignored. This view was shared by Трубецкой, Якобсон and Bloomfield. The great achievement of these scholars was that it gave rise to phonology as a linguistic discipline. According to this conception the phoneme is not a family of sounds, since in every sound only a certain number of the articulatory features, that is those which from the invariant of the phoneme, are involved in the differentiation of meanings. The functional approach extracts non-distinctive features from the phonemes thus divorcing the phoneme from actually pronounced speech sounds.

The physical view represented by Daniel Jones and B.Bloch regards the phoneme as the family of related sounds. In other words the phoneme is a mechanical sum of its allophones. So, similarity between sounds is considered to be the main criterion for attributing them to a particular phoneme.

 



Differences in the process of Assimilation concerning the English and Russian languages. | Methods of phonological analysis

Phonetics as a science. Its branches and methods. | Phonetics as a science. Its Aspects. | Classification of the organs of speech according to their sound-producing functions | Vowel classification. | Modification of vowels in connected speech | Principles of Consonant classification. | Allophones. Their Classification. | Typology of Accentual Structure of English words (worked out by Torsuev) | Word Stress. Its Nature, Position and Degree. | Intonation. The problem of its definition. Different approaches |

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