Головна

Paragraphs and Paragraph Division

  1. Break the paragraph into short sections, practise reading it. Prepare model reading of the passage.
  2. Divide the following text into paragraphs with appropriate indentation.
  3. Division of an interval in a given ratio. Suppose given an interval М1М2. Let us find the coordinates a of point М on the interval for which .
  4. Division of Utterances into Intonation-Groups
  5. Divisions based on linguistic structures studied
  6. Divisions based on nonlinguistic factors studied
  7. Making Paragraphs Hang Together

The division into paragraphs is an important feature of any type of writing. A paragraph may be defined as a textual unit usually consisting of a number of sentences which deal with one main idea. In writing, a paragraph is defined by indentation and sometimes by extra blank spaces before and after it. Indentation means starting a line (of print or writing) farther from the margin than the other lines. Indentation signals the beginning of some kind of a change. In English academic writing, all paragraphs with the exception of the first one should be indented.

A paragraph is, therefore, a visual textual unit. By dividing a text into paragraphs, writers give their readers cues as to how process their texts.

In English academic writing, the length of a paragraph is often between 75 and 125 words (although it can be much longer). In a short piece of academic writing (for example, the conference abstract or text summary), each major point may be developed into a separate paragraph. In longer types of papers (e.g., the journal paper), several paragraphs may be necessary to develop one point.

The topic sentence of a paragraph tells what the paragraph is about. A topic sentence can be put in any place in the paragraph, but putting it at the beginning guides paragraph development.

Titles

Titles are important components of academic and research writing, "responsible" for gaining readers' attention and facilitating positive perceptions of any kind of written research. The following requirements for good academic titles can be suggested:

1. The title should indicate the topic of the study.

2. The title should indicate the scope of the study (i.e., neither overstating nor understating its significance).

3. The title should be self-explanatory to readers in the chosen area.

Titles may have quite different syntactic structures. The most typical structural types of English titles are as follows:

1. Nominative constructions (with one or more nouns as principal elements).

A Script of Today's Russian Feminine Biography.

2. "Colon"-titles consisting of two parts separated by a colon.

The Rotor-Tip Vortex: Structure and Interaction.

3. Titles consisting of two parts (of different syntactic types) separated by a punctuation mark other than the colon. These constructions are close in their rhetorical features to "colon"-titles:

Lagrangian Stochastic Modeling of Dispersion - from Theory to Practice.

4. Verbal constructions that is titles containing a non-finite for verb as a principal element: Analyzing and Teaching Research Genres.

5. Titles in the form of complete sentences: Language is not a Physical Object.

The types and length of titles vary across fields. Hard and natural sciences usually use long, detailed nominative titles.

Social sciences and humanities tend to use shorter but more diverse types of titles, often with the preference for "colon"-titles. Such titles separate ideas in the relation of "general-specific" with the first part indicating a research area and the second one naming an object of the investigation. "Colon"-titles may consist of the parts with different syntactic structures.

 



Comprehension check. | Citations

Луцьк 2010 | Передмова | English as the World Language of Research and Education | Divide the following text into paragraphs with appropriate indentation. | Steps in Summarizing | Useful Phrases for Longer Summaries | Complete the text with words from the box. | Research Paper Abstracts | Read the two abstracts with identified moves and answer the questions that follow. | Conference Abstracts |

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