Головна

James Watt

  1.  JAMES I (James VI of
  2.  James P. Crow
  3.  Ted James, MS, PhD

James Watt was born in Greenock, Scotland, and was taught at home, later he went to Qreenock Grammar School.

His technical expertise1 seems to have been obtained from working in his father's workshop and from early in life he showed academic promise. His early formal training was as an instrument maker in London and Glasgow.

Watt combined the expertise of a scientist with that of a practical engineer, for later he was not only to improve the heat engine but also to devise new mechanisms.

In the development of the steam engine James Watt represents the perfecting of a sequence of stages beginning with the Newcomen engine and ending with the parallel motion and sun / planet gearing2. The latter is said to have been invented by W. Murdock but patented by Watt.

In the scientific field Watt's finest memorial, apart from steam engines, is his establishment of the unit of power - the rate of doing work. He coined the term3 horsepower (hp); one horse being defined as equivalent to 33,000 ftlb / min4.

Watt was interested in the strength of materials and designed a screw press for chemically copying written material. A leading brand of reprographic equipment today is remarkably similar. Watt received many honors in recognition of his important works. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and Edinburg, and was a member of the Academy of Sciences in France.

James Watt died in1819 in Heathfield, after a life of incomparable technical value. Later, a statue to Watt was placed in Westminster Abbey.

Пояснення до тексту:

expertise - майстерність

parallel motion and sun / planet gearing - Паралелограмний механізм і планетарна передача.

to coin the term - ввести термін

ft lb. / Min - футо-фунтів за хвилину

8. Прочитайте 6, 7 абзаци тексту, дайте відповідь на питання:

What invention of J. Watt is still used in the reprographic equipment today?

варіант 4

1. Перепишіть наступні пропозиції, переведіть їх на російську мову, визначте в кожному з них відовременние форму і стан дієслова - присудка.

The aborigines taught the early settlers to hunt wild animals.

This technology has already been applied to the production of several tools.

Many other applications are under investigation in laboratories.

The ecologists are trying to preserve our evironment for futture generation.

2. Перепишіть наступні пропозиції, переведіть їх на російську мову, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слів it, that, one.

One should be very careful working with the sharp instruments.

I'm afraid that the prices will increase sharply.

This is the model of the first automobile. It was propelled by steam.

3. Перепишіть наступні пропозиції, переведіть їх на російську мову, пам'ятаючи про різних значеннях дієслів to be, to have, to do.

One engineer does not deal with every phase of development of a complex mechanism.

Nowadays any investigator does work having access to the scientific information.

The experts are to take into account the results of the test.

The graduates have an optimal combination of theoretical knowledge and practical skill.

4. Перепишіть наступні пропозиції, переведіть їх на російську мову, звертаючи увагу на безсполучникові підпорядкування.

The dam they built last year made it possible to obviate the danger of the flood.

They state automation is the third phase in the development of technology

5. Перепишіть наступні пропозиції, переведіть їх на російську мову, зверніть увагу на те, що в них прохання (спонукання) виражена за допомогою дієслова to let.

Let us call Jane on the telephone.

They are going to let him fix the car by himself.

6. Перепишіть наступні пропозиції, переведіть їх на російську мову, звертаючи увагу на функцію інфінітива, герундія і причастя в пропозиціях.

The flowing water is an unlimited source of energy.

The laboratory assistants keep on making experiments.

Powerful modern machinery allowed to complete a great deal of work last year.

7. Прочитайте і усно перекладіть текст. Перепишіть і письмово переведіть 1, 2, 3, 4 абзаци тексту.




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