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1. Часто обидві форми - і герундій і інфінітив - можуть використовуватися з невеликою зміною значення висловлювання:
I like to get up early.
I like getting up early.
2. Коли like вживається в значенні enjoy generally, Після нього зазвичай вживається герундій.
I like cooking.
Але якщо пропозиція більш конкретне, то частіше вживається інфінітив.
I like to cook a roast on Sundays.
3. Коли like означає "(I) think it is a good idea ", Після нього вживається інфінітив.
I like to pay bills on time.
Remember, forget, regret
1. Після цих дієслів вживається герундій, якщо дія відбулася раніше ніж про нього згадають, забудуть або висловлять співчуття.
I remember having some lovely holidays when I was a kid.
I'll never forget meeting you.
I regret lying to her.
2. Після цих дієслів вживається інфінітив, якщо подія відбудеться після того, як про нього згадають, забудуть або висловлять співчуття.
I must remember to phone my mother.
Do not forget to lock all the doors.
I regret to tell you that you've failed.
Try
Інфінітив вживається, коли говорять про мету, а герундій - коли про засоби її досягнення.
We tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible.
We tried pouring on water, covering it with a blanket, but it did not work.
Stop
1. Герундій вживається, коли мова йде про дії, що передував зупинці:
Stop talking! (Перестаньте базікати!)
2. Інфінітив пояснює, чому ми перервали попередню дію і що станеться далі, виконуючи функцію обставини мети:
I suddenly met my old friend and stopped to talk with him. (Я несподівано зустрів свого старого приятеля і зупинився, щоб поговорити з ним.)
Go on
Герундій вживається, коли мова йде про продовження того ж самого дії, а інфінітив - коли з'являється новий аспект дії.
Stop talking, go on writing!
After discussion the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy.
6. need = want
У реченні типу
The room needs cleaning (Кімната потребує прибирання).
герундій має те ж значення, що і відповідний пасивний інфінітив: The room needs to be cleaned.
Упр.10 G.2 Заповніть пропуски необхідних по контексту дієсловом із запропонованого списку в потрібній формі.
imagine | finish | admit | consider | involve | risk |
postpone | stop | avoid | deny | miss | suggest |
1. Her job ___ traveling all over the world.
2. He ___ being in the building at the time, but ___ shooting the security guide.
3. I was about to cook lunch when he ___ getting a take-away instead.
4. It's great that the children can read now, although I really ___ reading them a bedtime story.
5. The Stock Market is not for me. I do not want to ___ losing all my money.
6. Let's go now to ___ getting stuck in the traffic.
7. Now we can afford it, we're ___ buying a new car.
8. ___ living with someone who never ___ talking.
9. He ___making a decision till it was too late to do anything.
10. He ___ speaking and sat down.
Упр.10 G.3 Поставте в реченні дієслово в дужках в необхідну по контексту форму (інфінітив або герундій).
1. I arranged ___ (meet) them here.
2. He urged us ___ (work) faster.
3. I wish ___ (see) the manager.
4. It's no use ___ (wait).
5. He warned her ___ (not touch) the wire.
6. My mother told me ___ (not speak) to anyone about it.
7. I can not understand her ___ (behave) like that.
8. You are expected ___ (know) the safety regulations of the college.
9. I am prepared ___ (wait) here all night if necessary.
10. I could not help ___ (overhear) what you said.
11. Mrs Jones: "I do not allow ___ (smoke) in my drawing-room."
Mrs Smith: "I do not allow my family ___ (smoke) at all."
12. I really do not feel like ___ (go) to work today.
13. Did you manage ___ (finish) the project on time?
14. He crashed his car into a tree in order to avoid ___ (hit) a dog.
15. Alison does not appear ___ (care) about whether she passes or fails.
Упр.10 G.4 Поставте в реченні дієслова в дужках в правильну по контексту форму (інфінітив або герундій).
1. He decided ___ (disguise) himself by ___ (dress) as a woman.
2. Would you mind ___ (show) me how ___ (work) the lift?
3. He wore dark glasses ___ (avoid) ___ (be) recognized.
4. Would you mind ___ (shut) the window? I hate ___ (sit) in a draught.
5. I can not help ___ (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from ___ (sit) in a draught.
6. His doctor advised him ___ (give up) ___ (jog).
7. My watch keeps ___ (stop). ~ That's because you keep ___ (forget) ___ (wind) it.
8. People used ___ (make) fire by ___ (rub) two sticks together.
9. By ___ (neglect) ___ (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew.
10. I suggest ___ (telephone) the hospitals before ___ (ask) the police ___ (look) for him.
11. It's not much use ___ (have) a bicycle if you do not know how ___ (ride) it.
12. He keeps ___ (ask) me the time and I keep ___ (tell) him ___ (buy) himself a watch.
13. He has a theory that it is possible ___ (tell) the time in daylight by ___ (look) into cat's eyes.
14. She agreed ___ (help) him in the garden, as long as it did not involve ___ (get) her hands dirty.
15. An instructor is coming ___ (show) us how ___ (use) the aqualung.
16. Some people seem ___ (have) a passion for ___ (write) to the newspapers.
17. Imagine ___ (have) ___ (get up) at five a.m. every day!
18. There is no point in ___ (remain) in a dangerous place if you can not do anything ___ (help) the people who have ___ (stay) there.
19. The horse will not be well enough ___ (run) in tomorrow's race. He does not seem ___ (have recovered) from his long journey.
20. It would not be safe ___ (start) down now; we'll have ___ (wait) till the mist clears.
Упр.10 G.5Подивіться на пари прикладів. Сформулюйте відмінності у вживанні інфінітива і герундія після дієслів remember, forget, stop, regret, try, like / hate, go on, need / want.
1. a) I like singing in the shower.
b) I like to pay my bills as soon as I receive them.
2. a) I do not remember seeing you here before.
b) I must remember to post that letter.
3. a) I'll never forget shaking Mick Jagger by the hand.
b) I forgot to write down their telephone number.
4. a) We tried to open the door, but it was locked.
b) ~ I can not get the video to work.
~ Why do not you try changing the plug?
5. a) I stopped smoking years age.
b) I stopped to pick up a hitchhiker.
Упр.10 G.6 Заповніть пропуски, поставивши в кожній парі пропозицій дієслово в дужках в потрібну по контексту форму (інфінітив або герундій).
1. a) I used to ___ (think) that life ended at 30.
b) I'm not used to ___ (think) so hard this early in the morning.
2. a) Jane was never a very reliable friend. If I were you, I'd try ___ (forget) her.
b) If your clothes do not seem very white after you've washed them, try ___ (soak) them in a little bleach.
3. a) Please stop ___ (make) such a terrible noise!
b) After half an hour, we stopped ___ (make) a cup of tea.
4. a) I remember ___ (see) him in the part of Hamlet at the Academy Theatre.
b) Did you remember ___ (see) Tom and tell him that we can not come on Saturday?
5. a) I started ___ (read) classical literature at the age of six.
b) Oh, look! It's starting ___ (rain).
6. a) He went on ___ (write) his essay despite the noise.
b) The lecture began very badly, but the professor went on ___ (make) some interesting points.
7. a) I could not help them ___ (find) what they were looking for as I was in too much of a hurry.
b) Harry looked so funny that I could not help ___ (laugh).
8. a) I like ___ (pay) bills quite promptly. It's so easy to get behind.
b) I like ___ (be) the centre of attention.
9. a) Do you like ___ (cook)?
b) When we have a dinner party, I like ___ (cook) something really exotic that nobody's ever had before.
10.a) I hate ___ (drive) in the dark.
b) I hate ___ (tell) you, but I've broken your favourite cup.
11.a) I'll never regret ___ (do) a kind action.
b) We regret ___ (inform) you that your application has been refused.
12. a) You do not need ___ (ask) his permission every time you want ___ (leave) the room.
b) The room needs ___ (clean).
Упр.10 G.7 Заповніть пропуски в реченні необхідної по контексту формою дієслова в дужках (інфінітив або герундій).
1. It's difficult to get used to ___ (eat) with chopsticks.
2. If you can not turn the key try ___ (put) some oil in the lock.
3. I distinctly remember ___ (pay) him. I gave him $ 2.
4. Did you remember ___ (give) him the key of the safe? ~ No, I did not. I'll go and do it now.
5. I know my hair wants ___ (cut) but I never have time ___ (go) to the hairdresser's.
6. Jenny told me that she regrets ___ (shout) at you last night.
7. He needs ___ (go) to hospital for tests.
8. We regret ___ (inform) you that we can not offer you the job.
9. I stopped ___ (get) some petrol on my way home from work.
10. Mary always forgets ___ (close) the fridge after she has used it.
~ Have you tried ___ (put) a notice up on the door?
11. I am beginning ___ (understand) what you mean.
12. I hate ___ (borrow) money.
Упр.10 G.8Заповніть пропуски в реченні необхідної по контексту формою дієслова в дужках (інфінітив або герундій).
1. Stop ___ (argue) and start ___ (work).
2. I remember ___ (read) a review of that book and ___ (think) I'd like ___ (get) it.
3. Do not forget ___ (lock) the door before ___ (go) to bed.
4. After ___ (walk) for three hours we stopped ___ (let) the others ___ (catch up) with us.
5. Please go on ___ (write); I do not mind ___ (wait).
6. I tried ___ (persuade) him ___ (agree) with your proposal.
7. Your windows need ___ (clean); would you like me ___ (do) them for you?
8. Do stop ___ (talk); I am trying ___ (finish) a letter.
9. He hates ___ (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it ___ (ring).
10. I prefer ___ (drive) to ___ (be driven).
11. I advise you ___ (start) ___ (look) for a flat at once.
12. Would you mind ___ (lend) me $ 5? I forgot ___ (cash) a cheque.
13. She likes her children ___ (go) to the dentist every six months.
14. I tried ___ (explain) to him but he refused ___ (listen) and went on ___ (grumble).
15. Try ___ (forget) it; it is not worth ___ (worry) about.
16. I'd hate ___ (be) beside a volcano when it started ___ (erupt).
17. I do not remember ___ (give) you permission ___ (use) my car.
18. The car began ___ (make) an extraordinary noise so I stopped ___ (see) what it was.
Упр.10 G.9 Закінчите друге речення так, щоб воно було близьке за змістом першого пропозицією. Використовуйте виділене слово і від двох до п'яти інших слів.
1. I will send you out of the classroom if you continue to make so much noise.
keepIf ___ so much noise, I will send you out of the classroom.
2. 'Would you like to go fishing?' Tom asked me.
feltTom asked me if ___ fishing.
3. I wish I had not spent so much money last night.
regretI ___ so much money last night.
4. He found it impossible to keep his good news secret from her.
resistHe could ___ his good news.
5. I will always remember the first time I met Martha.
neverI ___ Martha for the first time.
6. Could you open the window, please?
mindWould ___, please?
7. I am fairly sure I will pass all my exams this year.
expectI ___ all my exams this year.
8. Jack said that he had not cheated in the exam.
cheatingJack ___ in the exam.
9. You should not give them impression you do not want the job.
avoidYou should ___ them the impression you do not want the job.
10. I'm sorry but you have not been appointed to the post.
regretI ___ you have not been appointed to the post.
11. 'OK. I've deliberately deleted all references to works of French scientists ', he said.
admittedHe ___ to works of French scientists.
12. I think Derek has forgotten the meeting.
appearsDerek ___ the meeting.
форми інфінітива | функції інфінітива | I 2.1 Інфінітив у функції обставини мети, слідства і супутніх умов | I 2.2 Інфінітив у функції визначення. Інфінітив після прикметників | I 2.3 Інфінітив в складеному присудок | I 2.3.2 Інфінітив після модальних дієслів | I 3 Інфінітив в непрямій мові | I 4.1 Складне доповнення | I 4.3 Називний відмінок з інфінітивом | Функції герундія в реченні |