Ãîëîâíà

Stop consonants

  1.  Consonants
  2.  Consonants and their classification
  3.  Friction consonants
  4.  Gliding consonants
  5.  Loss of Some Consonants
  6.  Nasal consonants
  7.  OE Consonants

Stop consonants are consonants in which the air is completely blocked at some point in our mouth, then compressed, and then released with a slight explosion or a popping noise. There are eight stop consonants in English: / P, b, t, d, k, g, C, G /. Voiceless stop consonants /p, t, k / are characterized by aspiration / XspI'reISn /. It is a short period of time after the explosion of these consonants when the air leaves the mouth without any voice. Aspiration is especially strong after / p, t, k / in initial position in stressed syllables (note that after / S / these consonants are not aspirated). It makes the following sound lose some of its voicing. When these consonants occur between vowels the aspiration may be less noticeable or even absent. In final position there may be no aspiration at all. Voiced stop consonants are neveraspirated. Aspiration makes distinction between voiced and voiceless stop consonants (e.g. 'pen'If pronounced without aspiration will be understood by the English as'Ben'). In transcription we can mark aspiration by h: / PhHl, theIbl /.

/ P / and / b /

The position of organs of speech for these sounds is the following. The soft palate is raised and the lips are closed firmly so that the breath can not get out of either the nose or the mouth but it is trapped for a short time. When the lips are opened suddenly the air rushes out with a slight explosion or a popping noise.

/ P /is voiceless, strong, long and aspirated; it makes the preceding vowel shorter, while / B / is weak, short, voiced and non-aspirated; it lengthens the vowel before it (e.g. / kxp / and / kxb /).

/ T / and / d /

To pronounce these two stop consonants correctly you need to raise the soft palate to prevent the air from going out through the nose. Then you put the tip of the tongue firmly against the middle of the alveolar ridge and the sides of the tongue firmly against the sides of the palate, so that the air is blocked in the mouth for a short period of time. When the tongue-tip is lowered suddenly the breath rushes out with a slight explosion.

/ T / is a strong, voiceless, aspirated consonant; it is long and in final position it shortens the vowel before it. Oppositely, / D /is voiced, weak, short, not aspirated and it makes vowels before it longer (e.g. / bxt / and / bxd /).

/ K / and / g /

For both these stop consonants the soft palate is raised and the back of the tongue is in firm contact with the soft palate, so that the air is trapped in our mouth for a short time. When the tongue is lowered suddenly from the soft palate, the breath leaves the mouth with a slight explosion or a popping noise.

/ K / is voiceless, strong, long and it has aspiration; / G / is voiced, weak, short and it is never aspirated. / K / as all strong consonants makes vowels before it shorter and / G / lengthens the preceding vowel (e.g. / bxk / and / bxg /).

/ C / and / G /

These two are rather complex sounds. Sometimes they are referred not to the stop consonants, but to the affricates / 'XfrIkqts /. They consist of two elements and they begin as stop consonants and end as friction consonants. So the air is trapped as for all stop consonants, but instead of going out with a slight explosion it is released with definite friction of the / S, Z / kind.

The soft palate is raised, the tongue-tip touches the back part of the alveolar ridge, so that the breath is blocked for a short time. The front of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate in readiness for / S, Z /. The tongue-tip slowly moves away from the alveolar ridge a little way, and the whole tongue is then in the position for / S, Z /, so that a short period of friction is heard.

/ C / is voiceless, strong, long; / G / is voiced, weak, short. / C /shortens the preceding vowel, whilst / G / lengthens it (e.g. / rIC / and / rIG /).




 Ôîíåòè÷íà ðåàë³çàö³ÿ àíãë³éñüêèõ ãîëîñíèõ ³ ïðèãîëîñíèõ ôîíåì |  Ïðàêòè÷í³ çàíÿòòÿ |  Organs of speech |  Nose alveolar ridge palate |  Vowels and their classification |  Consonants and their classification |  Transcription |  Tell me your name |  Friction consonants |  Front and back vowels |

© 2016-2022  um.co.ua - ó÷áîâ³ ìàòåð³àëè òà ðåôåðàòè