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Condition to be satisfied likely outcome

  1. Conditional conjunctions
  2. Conditional Sentences
  3. II. Conditional Mood
  4. Imagined condition imagined outcome
  5. Mixed Conditional.
  6. Second Conditional

be: If I am better tomorrow, I will get up.

have.If I have a headache I will take an aspirin.

simple present:If she finishes early she will go home.

present progressive:if he is standing in the rain, he will catch cold.

present perfect:If she has arrived at the station, she will be here soon.

present perfect progressiveIf he has been travelling all night, he will need a rest.

can, must.If I can afford it, I will buy it.

Some examples with the condition clause in the past tense:

If she took that flight yesterday, she arrived at 10pm.

If she took that flight yesterday, she is somewhere in town today.

If she took that flight yesterday, we'll see her tomorrow.

A condition clause in the present tense refers to a future event, a current event which may be true or untrue, or an event which could be verified in the future. The result can be in the past, present, or future:

If it's raining here now, then it was raining on the West Coast this morning.

If it's raining now, then your laundry is getting wet.

If it's raining now, there will be mushrooms to pick next week.

If it rains this afternoon, then yesterday's weather forecast was wrong.

If it rains this afternoon, your garden party is doomed.

If it rains this afternoon, everybody will stay home.

If I become President, I'll lower taxes.

Certain modal auxiliary verbs (mainly will, may, might, and could) are not usually used in the condition clause in English:

If it will rain this afternoon, ...

If it may have rained yesterday, ...

There are exceptions, however, in which willis used exactly as in the first example, namely when the action in the if-clause takes place after that in the main clause [13; 249]:

The weather forecast says it's going to rain. Well, if it will rain, we must take umbrellas. If aspirins will cure it, I'll take a couple tonight instead of this horrible medicine.

Other situations in which willcan be used in an if- clause include when willis not being used as an auxiliary verb, in other words when it is being used modally to express willingness, persistence, refusal [10; 121] or a request [12; 84]:

If you'll just hold the door open for me a moment, I can take this table out to the kitchen. If you will keep all the windows shut, of course you'll get headaches. If you will excuse me, I think I will slip into something more comfortable.

If you want to make the request more polite you can use if ... would:

If you would take your seats, ladies and gentlemen...

We may also use modal verbs in the main clause [6; 283]:

can (we are free to)

could (we would be able to)

may (it's possible)

If it's fine tomorrow, we might (it's possible) go out.

should (it's advisable)

ought to (it's advisable)

must (it's necessary)

Progressive and perfect combinations with modals are possible:

If I hear from Tim, I may be leaving tonight.
If he is in New York he may not have got my letter yet.



I. Introduction to the Category of Mood | Second Conditional

Imagined condition imagined outcome | Unreal Present and Unreal Past | Conditional conjunctions | III. Suppositional Mood | Subjunctive I | Subjunctive II | Space for imagination | Tick-tack-toe | Giving advice | Job demands |

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