Головна |
Task 1. [individually]
Read the text to learn how you can become a psychologist in the USA.
F | Becoming a Psychologist |
Most of the jobs psychologists hold require a doctoral degree. To earn this, a candidate must have an undergraduate degree and then devote four to six years to intense study and research in one of the specialty areas of psychology. Doctoral programs are offered at major universities and at a few professional psychology schools. Between 1979 and 1988, 31,522 candidates were awarded psychology doctorates in the United States (Rosenzweig, 1991). There are two kinds of doctoral degrees: the Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy), which requires an independent research project known as the doctoral dissertation in addition to course work, and the Psy.D. (doctor of psychology), which emphasizes course work and practical training and does not require a doctoral dissertation. Most recipients of the Psy.D. degree specialize in clinical and counseling psychology. Many psychology programs, particularly those in the clinical and counseling areas, also require students to spend a year of psychological internship, during which they learn the practice of psychology in a supervised setting. All fifty states have licensing or certification requirements for psychologists who set up a clinical practice. Obtaining a license may involve further supervised experience and a licensing exam. Some people who want to be psychologists lack the money, time, aptitude, or patience required to obtain a doctoral degree. Can they still be psychologists? The answer is a resounding yes. Many people work as psychologists after having earned a master's (M.A. or M.S.) degree. Typically, the master's degree involves several years of course work beyond an undergraduate degree and may also require a research project or paper known as the master's thesis. Today master's programs in psychology are very popular, and graduates have found employment in a variety of fields. Some work as school psychologists, administering and interpreting psychological tests; others work for the government, teach at community colleges, or work in rehabilitation counseling (Wortman and Loftus, 1985). Although relatively few people who take a basic psychology course decide to become professional psychologists, psychology is often chosen as a major at the undergraduate level. More than 2,000 colleges and universities in the United States offer a four-year bachelor of arts (B.A.) or bachelor of science (B.S.) degree in psychology (Rosenzweig, 1991). Although a B.A. or B.S. degree in psychology might not be sufficient to obtain a job in a psychological setting, it could lead to a job such as a psychological technician, administrative aide, or research assistant in a correctional institution or rehabilitation program. In addition, some people with undergraduate degrees in psychology work in such areas as advertising and personnel, where their training in psychology has a practical application (Wortman and Loftus, 1985). Of course, more advanced degrees usually enable a person to earn a higher salary and enjoy greater career opportunities. (Garrison, M. (1992) Introduction to Psychology. Glencoe) |
Prefixes related to numbers | Suffixes | Discourse markers | Approaching the text: Using prior knowledge and making predictions | Exploring the Text: In-depth reading | ACADEMIC VOCABULARY | Word Families | Word Choice: Synonyms | Оценивать | Sit (for), show, administer, perform, run, set, confirm, take, undergo, carry out, conduct, reveal |