Головна

HISTORY OF THE POLICE IN ENGLAND AND WALES

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Britain has no national police force. In England, Wales and Scotland where the system is the product of a series of compromises between the need to preserve law and order on a nationwide scale and the desirability of maintaining the traditional ties between the police forces and the people, the police service is organized in a number of large forces linked with local government and subject to the influence and eventual control of the Home Sectretary 1 and Secretary of State for Scotland respectively. In Northern Ireland, which has its own distinctive organization, the police force is controlled by an Inspector-General, who is responsible to the Minister of Home Affairs.

- There were two main stages in the history of the police service in England and Wales between the Anglo-Saxon period when every free man was bound by oath 2 to assist in the preservation of peace and in the detection and punishment of crime and the 19th century when the first statutory police forces were created.

The first of these stages lasted from Norman conquest in the 11 th century to the 14th century; during that time the constable 3 was the local keeper of the peace, exercising his powers under common law.

During the second stage - from the 14th to the early 19th century-the constable was subordinate to the justice of the peace.4

Before the 19th century, Great Britain had no organized police system.

In England and Wales the local manorial courts and subsequently the justices appointed a constable or constables for each town and rural parish. In London, the appointment of the police in the boroughs was vestedin a variety of municipal, parish and adhocauthorities. In individual cases, magistrates5 themseives organized and paid whole'-fime bands of constables.6 Among these special forces were the famous Bow Street Police for which the Home Secretary became responsible.

The Metropolitan Police Act 1829 provided for the apr pointment by the Crown of two justices (afterwards known as Commissioners) to organize a new united police force.

 



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